Copyright © 1980 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Social Science & Medicine. "Theories of Illness will be most interesting and useful to those who are already familiar with, and sympathetic to, the methods and basic assumptions of the comparative method in cross-cultural research. Theories of Causation ... illness) focused on demon or spirit possession (demonology). Each of these explanations fails, in some respects, to account for all the available data. The two most plausible of these explanations focus on the experience of stress (psychosomatic explanation) or the health consequences of particular lifestyles (sociosomatic explanation). It is indeed a great source of knowledge in relation to the anthropology of illness. This refers to one to one relationship between the causative agent and disease. The first is the monocausal view and emerges from the “conquest” of the infectious diseases. Selected pages. Theories and Models of Disease Causation The earliest attempt to attribute a cause to illness occurred during the religious Era (2000 BC to 600 BC). This paper was written while the author was visiting the Department of Socio-Medical Sciences and Community Medicine, Boston University, School of Medicine. THEORIES OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS. Naturalistic theories of disease causation tend to view health as a state of harmony between a human being and his or her environment; when this balance is upset, illness will result. The second approach emphasizes the concept of multicausality and derives its popularity largely from the study of the diseases of industrialized societies. Organic explanations of mental illness have usually been genetic, biochemical, neuropathological, or a combination of these. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. In social epidemiology, to speak of theory is simultaneously to speak of society and biology. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Theories of Disease. Describe how the definitions of mental illness have developed … The major theoretical and research approaches to the causation of mental disorders are treated below. Start studying Infectious Diseases: Theories of disease causation. Doctors are called on to deal with many states of affairs. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. These findings indicate that there are groups in some societies which are at an advantage or disadvantage for many apparently different causes of illness and death. Psychoanalytic theory: Schizophrenia is a regression to the oral stage when the ego has not emerged from the id. Genetics Both these types of explanation of disease have weaknesses insofar as they fail to adequately account for a range of findings. Medical Anthropology: Vol. Some women cannot risk pregnancy for health reasons, andhistorically both pregnancy and childbirth have been major killers.Nevertheless,they are not disease states, and modern women typicallyuse contraception or abortion in the service of autonomy and controlover their lives. Start studying Stages of Illness, Theories of Disease Causation. To conceptualize and elucidate the myriad social and biological processes resulting in embodiment and its manifestation in populations' epidemiol… Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Organisms that cause disease inside the human body are called pathogens. This 8: ... Theories of Illness: A World Survey The second approach emphasizes the concept of multicausality and derives its popularity largely from the study of the diseases of industrialized societies. retribution); theories of animistic causation (i.e., soul loss, and spirit aggression); and theories of magical causation (i.e., sorcery and witchcraft) [10]. THE GERM THEORY: According to this theory, there is one single specific cause of every disease. It drew its framework from the symbolic interactionism school of sociology so at its root this theory sought to examine the ways in which roles and actors interacted and played out within the drama of mental illness (Pilgrim and Rogers, 1999. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. 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